Daniel 12:4 - "...many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased."
1800 - 1899:
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1833 - Charles Babbage - Difference Engine - English Mathematician
1833 - Newpapers mass marketed
1838 - Photography becomes popular
1840 - Charles Babbage - Analytical Engine - funding failed, never built
1991 - the British Science Museum constructed & tested, could
calculate polynomial equations to the 7th power extending to 30 digits
1843 - Babbages model, the concept of programming, the concept was laid out
in the sketch of the Analytical engine - a treatise written in
1843 by Ada Byron, the countess of Lovelace. Compared it to the
Jacquard Loom.
1844 - first telegraph message transmitted - Samuel Morse - Washington to Baltimore
1847 - George Boole - Mathematical Analysis of Logic - Boolean Algebra
1866 - July 27 - transatlantic cable completed - in service for almost 100 years
1876 - Alexander Graham Bell - invents telephone (receives patent March 7)
1890 - Herman Hollerith - German immigrant - Hollerith Tabulating System
used for the census in 1890 and 1900. Formed the Tabulating
Machine Company in 1896. 15 years later merged with two other
companies. Computing - Tabulating - Recording, CTR, in
1924 became IBM.
1891 - early motion picture camera invented
1900 - 1929:
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1901 - first radio signal sent across the Atlantic.
1907 - theory of television developed in Russia
1911 - IBM "born" when Herman Hollerith's Tabulating Machine Co. merges with
2 other firms to form: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company. (C-T-R)
1914 - first transcontinental telephone call
1919 - flip-flop - Eccles-Jordan - two stable states.
1924 - C-T-R changes name to IBM
1927 - first "talking" motion picture
1930's:
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1932 - US Dept. of Justice files antitrust against - IBM and Remington Rand
suit claims they control the entire punch card market
1936 - Alan Turing - "On Computable Numbers" published - English
1938 - Konrad Zuse - Z1 & Z2 - Electromechanical Binary Computer - German
1939 - John Atansoff - prototype of electronic binary computer - Iowa - used tubes
1939 - television's public debut at World's Fair.
1940's:
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1943 - Colossus and Engima - WWII drives cryptography
Engima - German electromechanical device
Colossus - British electronic deciphering system - used tubes and punched tape
1944 - Harvard Mark 1 - (IBM Sequence Controlled Calculator) -
Howard Aiken, Harvard University Graduate student, inspired by Babbage
powered by a 5hp electric motor, measures 2 feet by 51 feet, weighs 5 tons
IBM not mentioned in dedication speech... they had provided financing & technology
Used for producing math tables for the Navy, good training for Grace Murray Hopper
1945 - ENIAC designed for use in calculating ballistic trajectories.
3 days of human calculation took 20 seconds.
(Presper Eckert & John Mauchly - Moore School of Electrical Engineering, U of PA)
first trial runs November 1945 - 650 sq ft, 300 neon lights, 10,000 vacuum tubes
produced 150 Kwatts of heat at full power; required 2 - 20hp electric fans to cool.
5,000 operations per second.
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
1945 - John von Neumann - EDVAC - described stored program computing
EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
1946 - Chester Gould's Dick Tracy two-way radio debuts in comics! (He lived in Woodstock, IL)
1947 - Grace Murray Hopper discovers computer "bug" in Harvard Mark II - a moth.
Hopper - mathematician and Lieutenant in the US Navy. born Dec 9, 1906, died 1992
1947 - John Bardeen and Walter Brattain invent the point-contact transistor from Shockley's design.
William Shockley later invents the junction transistor, more reliable and efficient.
1948 - Manchester Baby Machine - first stored-program computer - England.
1949 - June - EDSAC, the first electronic stored program computer begins
operating in England.
1949 - August - BINAC, first US electronic stored program computer tested.
1950's:
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1950 - Color TV broadcasts begin.
1951 - US Census Bureau receives the first UNIVAC for the census.
UNIVAC - (UNIversal Automatic Computer) (built by Sperry Rand)
1951 - William Shockley invents the junction transistor.
1951 - Whirlwind, first real time computer is completed.
1951 - Grace Hopper comes up with a compiler, produces a program.
1951 - J.Lyons & Co. in England installed first business computer, Leo.
1952 - DOJ sues IBM 2nd time, forces them to sell, not lease tabulating-machines.
1952 - CBS-TV uses UNIVAC to predict (successfully) presidential election results.
1952 - Arthur Andersen project leader Joseph Glickauf heads up first business IT
consulting project for General Electric Co. (used Glickiac counting machine)
1953 - Magnetic-core memory replaces electrostatic tubes on Whirlwind, doubles speed, quadruples
input data rate, slashes memory bank maintenance time from 4 hr/day to 2hrs/wk.
1955 - Silicon Valley starts with William Shockley's Semiconductor Laboratory.
1955 - October 28 - William Henry Gates III enters the world.
1956 - IBM officially announces the RAMAC 305, the first hard disk system, which holds 5MB of data.
1957 - FORTRAN, first high level language created.
1957 - Digitial Equipment Corp (DEC) is founded.
1957 - Seymour Cray and William Norris co-found Control Data Corporation (CDC).
1957 - October 4 - USSR launches Sputnik. Nov 3 launch Sputnik II with live dog aboard.
1958 - Robert Noyce, Fairchild creates an IC.
1958 - Jack Kilby, Texas Instruments creates an IC.
1958 - CDC's first computer model 1604 completed.
1958 - Bell Telephone Laboratories develop the Modem.
(modem - modulator-demodulator)
1958 - ARPA begins (ARPA - Advanced Research Projects Agency)
1959 - Robert Noyce - Fairchild Seminconductor - and Jack Kilby - Texas Instruments
both engineers share the title of co-inventor of the IC. - monolithic circuit.
1959 - COBOL specification begins by the Conference on Data System Languages.
1960's:
------
1960 - IBM engineer Joseph Orlicky installs first Net-Change MRP for JI Case, Racine, WI
1961 - MIT develops first time-sharing computer.
1961 - Ampex develops helical scanning video recording, which will later be adapted for
high-capacity tape backup.
1962- IBM Advanced Disk File uses one head for each disk surface, eliminating the
need for compressed air to position heads.
1963 - ASCII - the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) renders the
American Standard Codes for Information Interchange character table.
1963 - Digital Equipment Corp introduces minicomputer.
1963 - Douglas Engelbart develops the computer mouse.
1964 - IBM System/360 mainframe announced.
1964 - Chester Gould debut's Dick Tracy's Wrist TV.
1964 - IBM's SABRE - 1st computerized Airline reservation system.
1965 - Gordon Moore posits "Moore's Law", which states that the number of transistors
that can fit on a processor will double every year. In 1995, he revises it to two years.
1965 - PDP-8 launched by DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.)
1965 - Ted Nelson coins the term Hypertext and Hyperlink.
1968 - Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce leave Fairchild, form INTEL.
1968 - Douglas Engelbart demonstrates the computer mouse, hypertext, object addressing,
dynamic file linking and shared screen collaboration - December.
1969 - UNIX is born.
1969 - ARPAnet is born.
1969 - Man walks on the moon: Apollo 11 lands on the Sea of Tranquility. July.
1969 - Woodstock - August (no computers were harmed), Max Yasgur's farm in Bethel, NY
1969 - Compu-Serv, later renamed CompuServe, is founded for computer time-sharing service.
1969 - DOJ sues IBM for the 3rd time: predatory pricing, suit dropped in 1982.
1970's:
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1970 - Ken Thompson and Dennis M. Ritchie at Bell Telephone Labs release Unix operating system.
1971 - Robert Noyce's INTEL invents the microprocessor.
1971 - Bowmar Brain - first pocket calculator for the masses.
1971 - Intel 4004 - November - first microprocessor (Fredrico Fagan, Stan Mazor, Masatoshi Shima)
1972 - Cray forms Cray Research, Inc.
1972 - Ray Tomlinson, a computer engineer at Bolt, Beranek and Newman sends the FIRST EMAIL.
1972 - first LED watch - Hamilton Watch Co, sells the Pulsar.
1972 - R.M. Buehner graduates from High School.
1972 - HP-35 introduced in January - first pocket scientific calculator.
1972 - Paul Allen and Bill Gates form "Traf-o-Data", their first company.
1973 - IBM's hermetically sealed Winchester hard disks become the standard design for disk drives.
1974 - Xerox PARC completes the Xerox Alto, the FIRST PC, never sold commercially,
about 2,000 units produced. A 1979 demo of it's bitmapped display, GUI
and mouse greatly influences Apple engineers in the creation of: Lisa and the Macintosh
1974 - April - Intel introduces the 8080.
1974 - November 2, John and Becky meet at Fort Jackson, S.C.
1975 - MITS Altair 8800 - first PC. Popular Electronics - Jan '75.
5,000 units shipped the first year. Based on the Intel 8080. 256 bytes of memory.
Price: $395, assembly required. Price in 2001 dollars: $1,289
John studying at US Army Signal School, Ft. Gordon, GA.
1975 - Paul Allen and Bill Gates form Micro-Soft (drop hyphen later). They develop
a version of BASIC for the Altair 8800.
1975 - David Boggs, Butler Lampson, Bob Metcalfe, and Charles Thacker of Xerox PARC file
for a patent for Ethernet. Patent received in 1977: #4,063,220
1975 - Sony begins marketing the Betamax VCR.
1975 - March - Homebrew Computer Club has first meeting. Steve Wozniak in attendance, later
becomes Apple cofounder.
1975 - Byte magazine begins publication.
1975 - September: John proposes to Becky in South Dakota, then transfers to Frankfurt, Germany
1975 - November 15, John and Becky marry in Illinois.
1976 - January: John and Becky stationed together in Frankfurt, Germany
1976 - April - Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak form Apple Computer on April Fool's Day.
They sell a computer circuit board they call Apple I for $666.66. It has no keyboard,
case or power supply. Price in 2001 dollars: $2,056.
1976 - CRAY-1 released - performs 240 million calculations per second.
1976 - JVC markets the first VHS VCR (the JVC HS-3300)
1977 - CP/M developed by Gary Kildall - excellent history found at:
http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Gary/newsx011.html
1977 - NASA launches Voyager I and II. Later seen in Star Trek movies...
1977 - Commodore introduces the Commodore PET 2001. Has a MOS 6502 processor, 4k of RAM,
built-in cassette recorder for data storage and a built-in 9" monitor.
Price: $595 Price in 2001 dollars: $1,723
1977 - Radio Shack introduces the TRS-80. Zilog Z-80 processor, 16K of RAM, 12" monitor,
uses cassettes for storage. Price: $399; in 2001 dollars: $1,158
1977 - Apple II, first PC with color graphics. MOS 6502 Processor, 4K of RAM, used with
TV sets and audio cassette recorders. Price: $1,298 Price in 2001 dollars: $3,759
1977 - Dennis Hayes forms Hayes Microcomputer Products - Hayes 80-103A for the Altair.
1978 - June - Intel introduces 8086 processor.
1978 - Epson introduces the dot-matrix printer for PCs.
1979 - USENET created by grad students at Duke U and U of NC.
1979 - Al Shugart and Finis Conner launch Seagate Technology to produce hard disk
drives for desktop computers.
1979 - MicroPro releases WordStar, first major word processing program for CP/M.
1979 - Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston introduce VisiCalc, spreadsheet that launches the s/w industry.
1979 - Sony introduces the Walkman, Atari ships first computers: Atari 400 & 800
1979 - June - Intel introduces the 8088 processor.
1979 - Philips demonstrates optical storage drive technology as part of a joint
venture with Control Data Corp. Commercial products appear five years later.
1980's:
------
1980 - Tim Berners-Lee writes small hyperlink program, evolves into World Wide Web.
1981 - Osborne I, first portable computer. Priced at $1,795, in 2001 dollars: $3,466
weighs 23 pounds, Zilog Z-80, 64K Ram, two 91k 5.25 floppies, 5" B&W screen.
1981 - Hayes Smartmodem 300. Introduces the Hayes AT command set, becomes standard.
1981 - August - IBM PC. Don Estridge & team. Intel 8088, 16K Ram, 160K floppy,
11.5" B&W monitor. Price: $1,565; 2001 dollars: $3,022.
1982 - Columbia Data Products - Columbia MPC, first IBM compatible.
1982 - Philips and Sony announce Compact Disc Digital audio format.
1982 - MicroPro releases WORDSTAR for PC-DOS, the first non-CP/M version of the program.
1982 - Hayes Smartmodem 1200.
1982 - February - Intel introduces the 80286
1982 - February - Sun incorporates, 4 employees, first TCP/IP workstation.
1982 - February - Compaq Computer Corp. founded by Rod Canion, Jim Harris, and Bill Murto.
1982 - April - Mitch Kapor and Jonathan Sachs form Lotus Development Corp.
1982 - November - Compaq Portable, weighs 28lbs, 4.77MHz Intel 8088, 128K RAM, 320K floppy,
9" B&W monitor. Price: $2,995; 2001 dollars: $5,447
1982 - Epson HX-20, first laptop.
1983 - January - Apple introduces Lisa, precursor to the Mac. Commercial failure,
Price: $9,995; 2001 dollars: $17,612 - price scares off buyers.
1983 - January - TIME names the computer 1982 Machine of the Year.
1983 - January - Lotus 1-2-3 1.0 ships
1983 - March - MS-DOS 2.0 introduced by Microsoft
1983 - March - IBM introduces the PC-XT. Intel 8088, 128K RAM, 360K floppy, 10MB harddrive,
and a 12.5" monitor. Price: $4,995; 2001 dollars: $8,800
1983 - Name Server invented - Internet Protocol.
1983 - Audio CD players sell in US.
1983 - Software Systems sells MultiMate, PC word processor that emulates Wang word processor.
1983 - Satellite Software Intl, renamed WordPerfect Corp, introduces WordPerfect.
1983 - September: Microsoft introduces Word for MS-DOS 1.0.
1983 - October: John starts working at Intel's R&D Fab V in Aloha, OR.
1983 - Lotus 1-2-3.
1984 - AT&T divestiture: The Bell system breaks up.
1984 - Sun releases NFS FREE to the industry.
1984 - Macintosh. famous commercial during SuperBowl XVIII, two days later officially
introduced. Motorola 68000, 128K RAM, 3.5" floppy, built-in 9" screen,
Price: $2,495; 2001 dollars: $4,214
1984 - August: IBM introduces PC-AT, 6Mhz 80286, 512K RAM, 1.2MB floppy, 20MB hard drive,
and a 12.5" monitor. Price: $5,800; 2001 dollars: $9,797
1984 - Internet hosts reach 1000, HP introduces the LaserJet, William Gibson's cyberpunk classic
Neuromancer introduces the term "cyberspace".
1985 - UNIX is on over 300,000 computers.
1985 - March: Symbolics.com becomes the first registered commercial domain name.
1985 - John starts working at Boeing Electronics Co in Everett, WA.
1985 - Aldus introduces PageMaker, first CD-ROM drives hit the market, America Online
is founded by Steve Case, Jim Kimsey and Marc Seriff, Apple introduces the LaserWriter.
1985 - AT&T Labs produce the first fuzzy logic chips.
1985 - October: Intel introduces the 386DX.
1985 - November: Microsoft introduces Windows 1.0
1986 - Dick Tracy's two-way wrist computer debuts.
1986 - SCSI is officially standardized by the American National Standards Institute.
1986 - September: Compaq introduces the Deskpro 386, 1st 386 based PC. 16Mhz, 1MB RAM,
1.2MB floppy, 40MB drive, 12" monitor. Price: $7,900; 2001 dollars: $12,650
1987 - Sun and AT&T develop UNIX System V Release 4 alliance.
1987 - cyberpunk series "Max Headroom" debuts on TV.
1987 - December: Microsoft releases Windows/386
1988 - Hayes introduces the Smartmodem 9600
1988 - Notebooks become popular.
1988 - David A. Patterson leads a team that defines RAID standards for improved
performance, reliability and scalability.
1988 - October: Steve Jobs announces the NeXT computer (doesn't ship for a year)
1988 - November 2, Robert T. Morris releases an internet worm, he is charged with
3 years probation, 400hrs community service and $10,000 in fines.
1989 - Sun Sparcstation 1 released.
1989 - Internet hosts reach 100,000
1989 - March: at CERN, Tim Berners-Lee circulates his original proposal for the WWW.
1989 - April: Intel introduces the 486DX
1989 - Kevin Mitnick arrested for breaking into DEC's system.
1989 - Quantum Computer Services reborn as America Online.
1990's:
------
1990 - World Wide Web - Tim Berners-Lee's Hypertext System at CERN.
1990 - May: Microsoft announces Windows 3.0
1990 - 486 PC hits market, for about $6k you get a 25MHz, 4MB Ram, 150MB disk,
1.2M/1.44MB floppies and a 14 inch monitor; 2001 dollars: $8,057
1991 - GRID computers, stylus based.
1991 - CERN launches the World Wide Web, Philip Zimmerman releases PGP as
freeware, Linus Torvalds starts developing Linux (21 yrs old).
1992 - Sun Sparcstation 10 released.
1992 - Internet hosts reach 1,000,000
1992 - Palm Computing is founded.
1992 - April: Microsoft releases Windows 3.1
1992 - SAP releases R/3
1993 - March: Intel introduces the PENTIUM
1993 - Pentium PCs hit market, for about $5k, 66MHz, 16M RAM, 340MB drive, 1.44MB floppy,
and a 15" monitor. 2001 dollars: $6,073
1993 - November: Mosaic - released. Andreessen - U of Ill Nat'l Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)
1994 - Yahoo! founded - David Filo and Jerry Yang. (Standford PhD candidates)
1994 - Gary Kildall died July - developer of CP/M, see: http://www.maxframe.com/DR/Gary/newsx011.html
1994 - March: Mac Andreessen and six other members of the original Mosaic team leave
NCSA and join Silicon Graphics founder Jim Clark to form Mosaic Communications,
later renamed to NETSCAPE Communications. Release first version of Netscape in October.
1995 - Gordon Moore revises his Law.
1995 - EMC develops the concept of network-attached storage.
1995 - Java introduced.
1995 - July: Amazon.com is founded.
1995 - August: Windows 95 released.
1995 - September: ebay is founded.
1995 - November: Intel Pentium Pro.
1995 - December: Toshiba, Philips and Sony announce a DVD format.
1996 - Internet hosts reach 10,000,000.
1996 - cable modem becomes available.
1996 - Palm introduces the Palm Pilot 1000 and 5000
1996 - August 12, Netscape Corp sends a letter to the US Dept of Justice, ref: Microsoft's violation of Anti-Trust
1996 - Ultra workstation introduced.
1997 - DVD players are available, delayed by copyright protection issues.
1997 - May: IBM's Deep Blue Supercomputer beats Garry Kasparov in rematch; six-game match.
1997 - Intel introduces the Pentium II.
1997 - Pentium II PC - 233MHz, 64MB RAM, 4Gig disk, 1.44MB floppy, CDROM,
17" monitor, around $4k, 2001 dollars: $4,374
1997 - September: Steve Jobs returns to Apple, becomes CEO in 2000.
1998 - Dept of Justice files suit against Microsoft. 20 states and DC charge
anti-competitive and exclusionary practices.
1998 - Starr report released - Clinton's scandal on line.
1998 - June: Compaq completes its acquisition of Digital Equipment Corp.
1998 - June: Microsoft releases Win98.
1998 - August: Apple introduces - Bondi Blue iMac, $1,300 - 233MHz G3, 4G disk, 32M RAM,
CDROM and 15" monitor. 2001 dollars: $1,404.
1998 - Gigabit Ethernet becomes a formal IEEE standard.
1999 - Star Office available to all FREE.
1999 - February: Intel introduces the Pentium III.
1999 - March: AOL buys Netscape
1999 - Pentium III pc's - 500MHz, 128M RAM, 20 G disk, Iomega Zip Drive, DVD drive
and 19" monitor, $3,160
2000:
-----
2000 - y2k "bug" turns out to be a dud; Ed Yourdin eats crow... AGAIN.
2000 - wait, Microsoft releases Windows 2000, could this be the predicted disaster? nope...
2000 - November: Intel introduces the Pentium 4. John and Becky celebrate 25 years.
2000 - Pentium 4 PC, 1.5GHz, 128M RAM, 40G disk, CD-RW, DVD and 19" monitor, $2,500
2001:
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2001 - January: AOL buys Time Warner
2001 - Internet hosts reach 100,000,000.
2001 - MacOS 10.x released
2001 - September 11: evil strikes in NYC, tumbles towers, ... and markets for months...
2002:
----
2002 - March: John buys a Mac! Co-workers, students and family members are amazed,
shocked and disoriented... John says, "...but it has UNIX". All is not well.
The Mac OS is not UNIX in a normal form, John sells Mac on ebay.
2002 - April: Bill Gates appears in court over Dept. of Justice antitrust suit.
2002 - September: HP-World in LA - Gnome on HP-UX 11i; Itanium chip supports HP-UX,
Linux and Windows.
2003:
-----
2004:
-----
2005:
-----
2006:
-----
2006 - john starts TMCP on power consumption differences between Win XP and SuSE Linux.
2007:
-----
2007 - March: John W. Backus Dies at 82 in Ashland, OR on March 17... responsible for the
development of Fortran. Born in Philadelphia in 1924. U.S. Army. Masters from Columbia
University, NY. IBM from 1950, Fortran starting in 1954, retired in 1991. ACM Turing
Award in 1977, National Medal of Science in 1975, IBM Fellow in 1963.
variety of sources used, including:
"History of the Internet - A Chronology, 1843 to the Present" - isbn 1-57607-118-9 Moschovitis, et al
PC Magazine - September 4, 2001, "20th Anniversary of the PC, by Cade Metz - The Perfect Architecture"
http://www.sun.com
http://www.hp.com
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