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======================================================= OBJECTIVE: To develop a systematic understanding of UNIX System Administration for the Solaris (HP-UX or Linux) Operating System through real world examples and toward a practical use.
UNIX training progression: 1) intro and overview, basic commands 2) the vi Editor 3) scripting basics 4) advanced commands (non-root users) 5) System Administration -------------------------- UNIX Overview A. Overview: ---------- - basics and definitions - stdin/stdout/stderr - components of system - files/processes - getting on the system - shells - 5 essential commands B. System Basics: --------------- - commands: file - commands: directory - commands: status - commands: system - commands: advanced overview - intro to command line - intro to vi Editor - intro to scripting - file permissions - commands: ownership - CDE information - mail tools - intro - logging out - shutting down - troubleshooting C. Directory Hierarchy --------------------------------------------- main file types: - regular files - directories - symbolic links - device files - hard links the root filesystem main directories - /usr - /lib - /bin - /etc - /opt D. File Tools: -------------- - file redirection - adding date to file suffix - commands: find - commands: grep - commands: sed - commands: awk - commands: tr - commands: tar - commands: compress - commands: gzip and gunzip E. File Manipulation: ------------------ - command line Perl - cleaning up after Microsoft - vi Editor - advanced - Posix scripting - basic HTML - mail tools F. Shell Environment: -------------------- - dotfiles - EDITOR - PATH - DISPLAY - PS1 - /etc/profile - /etc/motd - command line completion G. System Monitoring Overview: ----------------------------- - processes - killing - tools - log files - mail tools System Administration A. System Administration: what we do ------------------------------------------ - system administration roles - system administration terms B. System Admin Tools: some of the tools ------------------------------------------- - SUN: SysAdmin Tool (- HP: SAM) (- IBM: SMIT) (- Linux: GUI tools) C. System Configuration: what we work on ----------------------------------------- - System Layout - System Design - client-server computing model - configuration tools - configuration scripting - kernel parameters - operating system sources - software depots - troubleshooting D. System Startup and Shutdown scripts: how we make it go -------------------------------------------------------------- - System files: startup - System files: shutdown - System files: Solaris (- System files: HP-UX) (- System files: Linux) E. System Preservation: how we keep it going ---------------------------------------------------- - documentation - use of web pages - backups - recovery - failover F. System Networking: how it plays with others ------------------------------------------------- - OSI model - TCP/IP - IP address - netmask / subnets - DNS - NIS - NIS+ - routers - intranet - internet - firewalls - /etc/nsswitch.conf - /etc/resolv.conf - ifconfig command - netstat command - troubleshooting tools G. NIS - Network Information Services --------------------------------------------- - NIS: master server, slave server, and client - yp daemons - make utility and makefile - custom maps - adding and removing slave servers (- source files from /etc to /etc/nis) H. File Systems Overview: -------------------------- - UFS - HFS - NFS - Logical Volume Managers - Journaled File Systems - RAID I. Disks, Slices, and Format - Solaris --------------------------------------------- - disk components: - sectors, - tracks, - cylinders - inodes TERMS: disk slice disk label logical device name, physical device name, instance name COMMANDS: prtconf format boot -r devfsadm FILES: /etc/path_to_inst - partition table and the format utility - /etc/format.dat - format - customized partition tables - verify and prtvtoc - fmthard J. File System Management - Solaris --------------------------------------------- - newfs - Solaris - mounted and unmounted file systems - mount point - mount and mountall - options of the mount command: noatime, nolargefiles, and logging - /etc/mnttab - /etc/vfstab - df - umount and umountall - Forcibly unmount a busy file system - fuser - mount and access file systems residing on removable media devices, such as diskettes and CD-ROMs K. Maintaining File Systems --------------------------------------------- - fsck - check and repair a file system - disk space usage by file systems - df - disk usage of a directory - du - disk usage by user name - /etc/vfstab - /etc/fstab - other versions L. Backup and Recovery - overview --------------------------------------------- - backup strategy - backup tools - backup procedures - recovery plans - recovery tools M. Backup and Recovery - details --------------------------------------------- - logical device names for tape drives - two types of file system backups - ufsdump command - remote tape drive - /etc/dumpdates file - ufsrestore command - recovering file systems - tar command - mt command - fssnap command - ufs snapshot of mounted file system N. System Logs: ------------- - monitoring system logs - dmesg - syslog - user access logs O. Adding Users: --------------------- - /etc/passwd & shadow - /etc/group - .profile, .kshrc, .cshrc, .login - /etc/skel P. Adding Users - Solaris --------------------------------------------- - admintool - useradd, usermod and userdel - groupadd, groupmod and groupdel Q. System Maintenance: --------------------- - file system management - process control - user administration - patching systems - device management - upgrading systems R. System Security --------------------------------------------- - Monitor system usage - /var/adm/loginlog - Solaris - finger, last, and rusers - su - /etc/default/login - id and groups - chown and chgrp - setuid, setgid, and the Sticky Bit - ACLs - /etc/host.equiv - .rhosts - /etc/ftpusers - security tools S. Scheduled Process Control --------------------------------------------- - Common Desktop Environment (CDE) Process Manager - prstat - at - crontab - crontab file - control user access to the commands at and crontab - manage crontab files T. Print Services --------------------------------------------- - LP print service - LP print service directories, files, and daemons - print server and a print client - local printer, network printer, and remote printer - configure a network printer - local printing process - remote printing process - commands: - accept, - reject, - enable, - disable, and - lpmove - lpadmin - /etc/print.conf U. Solaris Boot PROM --------------------------------------------- - boot programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip - nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) chip - power-on self-test (POST) - Stop key to control the POST - boot PROM commands from the ok prompt - show-devs command - probe- commands to identify what peripheral devices are connected - devalias command - nvalias or nvedit commands - nvunalias command. - eeprom command to view or change the values of NVRAM parameters - interrupt an unresponsive system V. Solaris Boot Process --------------------------------------------- - four phases of the boot process - the kernel and its loadable modules - Modify kernel configuration file - eight Solaris Operating Environment run levels - current run level: who -r - /etc/inittab - multiuser mode - run control scripts - add a new run control script - shut down the system: - init, - shutdown, - halt, - poweroff, and - reboot X. Install Solaris 8 --------------------------------------------- - CD-ROM editions - five Solaris Software Groups - hardware requirements - installation methods - Standalone System - Solaris Web Start Y. Software Packages --------------------------------------------- - admintool - pkginfo - pkgadd - pkgchk - pkgrm - pkg add and pkgrm Z. Managing Software Patches --------------------------------------------- - locations to access patches - access patches from the World Wide Web and anonymous ftp - different patch formats - Prepare a patch for installation - patchadd command - what patches are installed - patchrm command ----------------------------------------------------------------- Advanced System Administration ----------------------------------------------------------------- A. Review - System Administration --------------------------------------------- System Configuration - System Layout - System Design - client-server computing model - configuration scripting - kernel parameters System Startup and Shutdown scripts System Preservation - documentation - use of web pages - backups - recovery - failover System Networking NIS - Network Information Services File Systems Overview Disks, Slices, and Format File System Management Maintaining File System Backup and Recovery System Logs Adding Users System Maintenance System Security Process Control Print Services B. Advanced Networking --------------------------- - 7-layer International Organization for Standards/Open System Interconnect (ISO/OSI) model - 5-layer Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model - list protocols at each layer - encapsulation and de-encapsulation - block diagrams - host names, IP addresses, and media access control (MAC) addresses - ifconfig -a command - netstat -i command - snoop -a command C. Environment Logging --------------------------------------------- - syslog() - syslogd daemon - /etc/syslog.conf - define log events - Extract info from the /etc/syslog.conf file - reroute logs to an alternate location - Parse messages to syslog D. Disk Management --------------------------------------------- - analyze requirements, forecast space needs - create, check, and mount file systems - physical path name differences: physical disks and virtual disks - advantages of any virtual disk management application - Solstice DiskSuite[tm] - Sun StorEdge[tm] Volume Manager - concatenated virtual file system - striped virtual file system - Solstice DiskSuite application to dynamically grow a file system E. Solaris Pseudo File Systems and Swap Space --------------------------------------------- - random access memory (RAM) -based file systems - add a swap file to the swap space - Remove a swap file F. NFS - Network File System --------------------------------------------- - NFS server - NFS client - three conditions to share files in NFS - control mounting - NFS resources through a Web browser - edit the /etc/dfs/dfstab file on an NFS server - Display server resources (exportfs) - Mount a resource from another system - /etc/vfstab file - mount resources - NFS client - mountall, umountall, shareall, and unshareall G. AutoFS --------------------------------------------- - three benefits: automount command - automount map type - Set automount - direct map - restarting the automountd daemon H. CacheFS File Systems --------------------------------------------- - characteristics of the CacheFS file system - CacheFS file system statistics - CacheFS file system consistency checks - CacheFS file system logging I. Solaris Management Console --------------------------------------------- - Solaris Management Console - Solaris Management Console Editor to modify server toolboxes - add legacy applications: CLI, X applications, and HTML to the SMC using the Solaris Management Console Editor J. Role-Based Access Control --------------------------------------------- - association between users and roles with authorizations and execution profiles - authorizations and their attributes - List a profile's assigned authorizations - privileged operations that are assigned to a profile - help files associated with profiles and authorizations - allow access to a specified subset of system administrator privileges K. JumpStart Automatic Installation --------------------------------------------- - JumpStart - set up network for automatic installation - automated system information - install server - subnet boot server - configuration directory with customized rules and class files - install clients - Boot install clients Copyright © 2002 - John Meister, dba Clearview Consulting ===================================================== ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.wagoneers.com/UNIX/ http://wagoneers.com/UNIX/Courses.html http://wagoneers.com/pages/ComputerSurvival-101.html STAR OFFICE: http://www.sun.com/staroffice/ UNIX is user-friendly; it's just picky about who its friends are. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.freegift.net/ http://www.wagoneers.com/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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